Gus Dur

KH Abdurrahman Wahid, familiarly called Gus Dur (born in Jombang, East Java, 7 September 1940; the age of 68 years was born with the name of Abdurrahman Addakhil [1]) is an Indonesian Muslim leaders and political leaders who became the fourth President of Indonesia from 1999 to 2001. He is the head of the Nahdlatul Ulama and the founder of the Resurrection Party (PKB). President Wahid replaces B. J. Habibie, once elected by the MPR Election 1999. Presidentship period that began on 20 October 1999 ended in the MPR Special Session in 2001. Proper 23 July 2001, his leadership was replaced by Megawati Soekarnoputri after the mandate is revoked by MPR.

Abdurrahman Wahid government arranged with the assistance of the National Unity Cabinet.
Abdurrahman Wahid was born on the day-to-4 weeks and to 8-year calendar 1940 Islamic Denanyar in Jombang, East Java from the pair and Wahid Hasyim Solichah. There is a belief that he was born on August 4, but the calendar used to mark the birth day is the Islamic calendar, which means he was born on 4 Sya'ban, together with the 7 September 1940.

He was born with the name of Abdurrahman Addakhil. "Addakhil" means "the conqueror." [1] The word "Addakhil" not enough is known, and replaced the name "Wahid," and later known as Gus Dur call. "Gus" is a typical boarding call to honor a child who Kiai means "elder brother" or "sir." [1]

Gus Dur is the son of the first of six brothers. Wahid was born in a very respectable family in the Muslim East Java. Grandfather's father is Hasyim Asyari, the founder of Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), while the maternal grandfather's side, Bisri Syansuri, is the first Muslim teacher who teaches classes on women [2]. Gus Dur's father, Wahid Hasyim, involved in the nationalist movement and became Minister of Religion 1949. His mother, Ny. Hj. Sholehah, is the daughter of the Pondok Pesantren Denanyar Jombang.

Gus Dur had openly stated that he has Chinese blood. Abdurrahman Wahid confess that he is descended from Tan Kim Han is married to Tan Lok A, Raden Patah siblings (Tan Eng Hwa), the founder of Demak Sultanate. [3] [4] A Lok Tan and Tan Eng Hwa is a child's daughter coarse, is the daughter of a Chinese concubine Raden Brawijaya V. [4] Tan Kim Han itself and based on research of a French researcher, Charles-Louis Damais identified as Qodir sheik Abdul Al-Shini found that makamnya on Trowulan. [4]

In the year 1944, Wahid moved to Jakarta from Jombang, where his father is involved with the Party Assembly Syuro Muslims of Indonesia (Masyumi), an organization founded by the Japanese army at that time occupied Indonesia. After the declaration of Indonesian independence on 17 August 1945, Gus Dur back to Jombang and remain there during the war of independence against the Dutch Indonesia. At the end of the war year 1949, Wahid moved to Jakarta, and his father was appointed as Minister of Religion. Abdurrahman Wahid in Jakarta to study, go to primary school before moving to Kris SD Matraman Perwari. Wahid also taught to read non-Muslim books, magazines, and newspapers by his father to expand the knowledge [5]. Gus Dur continue living in Jakarta with his family although his father is not a religious minister in 1952. In April 1953, Wahid's father died due to a car accident.

Wahid and ongoing education in the year 1954, he entered to the Junior High School. In the year, he does not ascend the class. His mother and send Gus Dur to Yogyakarta to continue education. In the year 1957, after graduating from junior high school, Wahid moved to Jakarta to launch Pesantren in Education Muslim Tegalrejo. He developed a reputation as a talented student, completed boarding in two years (should be four years old). In the year 1959, Wahid moved to Tambakberas Pesantren in Jombang. There, while studying their own resume, Abdurrahman Wahid also receive first job as a teacher and later as head of the school and madrasah. Gus Dur also be as a journalist and magazines such as Horizon Magazine Culture Jaya.
In the year 1963, Wahid received a scholarship from Kementrin Religion to study at the University of Al Azhar in Cairo, Egypt. He went to Egypt in November 1963. Although he was conversant in Arabic, Gus Dur was told by the University that it must take remedial classes before studying Islam and Arabic language. Because they are not able to give evidence that he has the ability in Arabic, Wahid is forced to take remedial classes.

Abdurrahman Wahid enjoy living in Egypt in 1964; watch European and American film, and also watch the football. Wahid is also involved with the Indonesian Student Association and became the association's magazine journalist. At the end of the year, he successfully passed the remedial class Arabnya. When he started learning in Islam and Arabic in 1965, Gus Dur disappointed. He has been studying many materials that are given and reject the method used to study the University [6].

In Egypt, Wahid be in the Embassy of Indonesia. At the time he worked, the Movement September 30 happened. Major-General Suharto in Jakarta to handle the situation and the efforts of Communist done. As part of the effort, the Indonesian Embassy in Egypt was to investigate university students to give reports and their political position. This command is given to Wahid, who was assigned to write a report [7].

Wahid experienced failure in Egypt. He does not agree will be the method of education and jobs after the G 30 S is the self. In the year 1966, he was told that he should repeat the study. Education prasarjana Gus Dur is saved through a scholarship at the University of Baghdad. Wahid moved to Iraq and enjoy the new environment. Although he was negligent in the first place, Wahid quickly learn. Wahid also continuing involvement in the Indonesian Student Association and also to write the association's magazine.

After completing education at the University of Baghdad in 1970, Abdurrahman Wahid went to the Netherlands to continue education. Wahid wanted to study at the University of Leiden, but disappointed because the study at the University of Baghdad is less recognized. From the Netherlands, Wahid to go to Germany and France before returning to Indonesia in 1971.